What are the pros and cons of the most common types of shingles?

What are the most common types of shingles? What are some advantages and disadvantages of each? -- Birmingham, Ala.

Asphalt shingles have replaced wood shakes as one of the most common types of shingles in use in North America. The Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association (ARMA) says that more than 12.5 billion square feet of asphalt shingles are produced annually -- that's enough material to cover 5 million homes! Approximately four of every five homes are roofed with asphalt shingles.

Asphalt is one of the most common types of shingles, because it:

1. Works well in hot and cold climates
2. Is one of the least-expensive roofing materials on the market
3. Requires little maintenance
4. Proves durable and has a long life-expectancy
5. Is considered the easiest of all roofing materials to install

Asphalt shingles are also fire-resistant and typically carry a Class A, B or C fire ratings, the ARMA says.

Fiberglass shingles are another popular option for many homeowners. Like asphalt, fiberglass shingles come in a wide range of styles and colors and are very easily installed. The main drawback to both types of roofing materials: They can be blown off in extremely high winds.

Wood shakes are another popular choice, although they aren't as common anymore, because they are not inherently fireproof. Pressure-treated wood shingles do meet national fire safety standards, but the additional chemical treatment comes with a cost premium. Because of the different qualities and textures of wood, and the cut, thickness and width of wood shingles, no two roofs covered with them look the same. Perhaps the highest quality wood shingles are made from cedar heartwood. Installation is more difficult than asphalt shingles, and the life expectancy can be less in areas with severe climate changes between winter and summer.